Greywater
Greywater (all non-toilet household wastewater) can be a good water resource during times of drought and water restrictions, but its reuse can carry health and environmental risks.
Treated sewage
Recycling wastewater can ease the pressure on our water resources and avoid the need to discharge wastewater to the environment. Recycling wastewater can provide water that, with some management controls, is suitable for a wide range of uses including irrigation and toilet flushing.
Industrial water
Reusing and recycling industrial water can ease the pressure on our water resources and avoid the need to discharge to the sewer and/or environment. With appropriate management, which may include treatment, industrial water can be used for a wide range of purposes including industrial uses (e.g. cooling or material washing) or non-industrial uses (e.g. irrigation or toilet flushing). To reuse industrial water in a safe and sustainable way you should identify, assess and appropriately manage the risks.
Managed aquifer recharge (MAR)
In urban areas where there's not enough surface water storage, aquifers can provide a way to store excess water when it becomes available until the time it is needed.
Intentionally injecting or depositing water into an aquifer, and then extracting the water for use at a later date is known as managed aquifer recharge (MAR). There has been an increasing interest in using MAR as a mechanism to store and later supply an alternative water source for various uses. For example, stormwater could be injected into an aquifer and then later reused for watering parks and gardens in drier seasons.
http://www.epa.vic.gov.au/your-environment/water/reusing-and-recycling-water#greywater
Which type of recycled water is used mostly by people worldwide and is the best method of derive fresh water without any side effects?
ReplyDeleteMost recycled water is used in industries and not much of it is added in peoples drinking water.
ReplyDeleteOn average, every person in England and Wales uses around 150 litres of water per day. About a third of this is used for toilet flushing and this proportion could potentially be replaced by treated greywater. Thus, every person in England and Wales uses around 50 litres of greywater a day for toilet flushing. Since greywater may not be clean enough to drink in other countries, they are mostly used for toilet flushing purposes.
The Managed Aquifier Recharge is mostly used in urban areas so it is not really used worldwide.
Treated Sewage is only used in Singapore (NEWater). Singapore is the only country to implement such technology on a production scale in its production of NEWater.
Siemens Water Technologies has supplied reclaim/reuse systems for all types of industries, including Power Generation, Mining & Metals, Pulp & Paper, Microelectronics, Food & Beverage, Biopharmaceutical, Automotive, Oil Refining/ Petrochemical, Biofuel/ Alternative Fuel Plants and Textiles. Each of these industries has different sources of wastewater that must be evaluated carefully in order to find the right treatment solution.
I think that the most used type of recycled water is Industrial Water because industries use a lot of water. However there may be side effects that have not been made known to scientists yet. On the other hand, greywater is also largely used and is mostly used during times of drought or when there are water restrictions. During the year, it is mostly used to flush toilets so not much health risk is involved.
http://www.water.siemens.com/en/applications/water_recycle_reuse/industrial_water_recycle/Pages/default.aspx
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatment
http://cdn.environment-agency.gov.uk/geho0511btwc-e-e.pdf